- aa
- absolute dating
- abyssal
- abyssal plain
- accretionary wedge
- acid rock drainage
- active margin
- actual preservation
- adhesion
- aeolian
- aftershock
- akose
- albedo
- alluvial
- Alluvium
- alpha decay
- alpine glacier
- amphibole
- amphoteric
- amplitude
- andesite
- angle of incidence
- angle of repose
- angular unconformity
- anhedral
- anion
- anomaly
- Anthropocene
- anthropogenic
- anthropogenic climate change
- anticline
- antidune
- aphanitic
- aquiclude
- aquifer
- aquitard
- arc
- Archean
- arête
- arroyo
- artesian well
- aseismic
- ash
- assimilation
- asthenosphere
- Atacama Desert
- atmosphere
- augen
- aulacogen
- aureole
- authigenic mineralization
- axial plane
- back-arc
- back-arc basin
- backshore
- bajada
- banded iron formation
- banding
- bankfull stage
- barchan dune
- barrier island
- basalt
- base level
- basin
- basin and range
- batholith
- bauxite
- baymouth bar
- beach face
- beach replenishment
- bed
- bedding
- bedform
- bedload
- bedrock
- berm
- beta decay
- Big Bang Theory
- biochemical
- biosphere
- biostratigraphic correlation
- bioturbation
- black smoker
- blowout
- blueschist
- body wave
- bolide
- bomb
- bond
- Bouma sequence
- Bowen's Reaction Series
- brackish
- braided channel
- breakwater
- brittle
- brittle deformation
- burial metamorphism
- calcite
- calcite compensation depth
- caldera
- calving
- Cambrian
- Cambrian Explosion
- carbonate
- carbonatite
- carbonic acid
- Carboniferous
- Carbonization
- cast
- cataclasite
- Catastrophism
- cation
- cementation
- Cenozoic
- chalk
- chemical sedimentary
- chemical weathering
- chemosynthesis
- chert
- Chicxulub Crater
- Chordata
- chronostratigraphic correlation
- cinder
- cinder cone
- cirque
- clastic
- claystone
- cleveage
- climate
- closed basin
- coal
- coastline
- cohesion
- col
- collision
- compaction
- composition
- compression
- concentrator
- conchoidal
- conduit
- cone of depression
- confining
- confining layer
- conglomerate
- connate water
- contact metamorphism
- continental crust
- continental shelf
- continental slope
- convection
- convergent
- coquina
- core
- correlation
- cosmic microwave background radiation
- craton
- creep
- Cretaceous
- Cretaceous Interior Seaway
- crevasse
- crevasse splay
- cross bed
- cross bedding
- crust
- cryosphere
- crystal habit
- crystallization
- cut bank
- daughter isotope
- debris flow
- decay chain
- Deccan Trapps
- Decompression melting
- deductive reasoning
- deformation
- delta
- dendritic drainage
- deposition
- depositional environment
- deranged pattern
- desert varnish
- desertification
- detachment fault
- detrital
- Devonian
- dextral
- diagenesis
- diamictite
- diapir
- dike
- diorite
- dip
- dip slip
- directed stress
- directivity
- discharge
- disconformity
- dissolution
- dissolved load
- diurnal tide
- divergent
- dome
- Doppler Effect
- drainage basin
- drainage divide
- drainage pattern
- drumlin
- ductile
- ductile deformation
- dune
- Earth System Science
- earthflow
- eccentricity
- Ediacaran fauna
- elastic deformation
- elastic rebound
- electromagnetic spectrum
- electron capture
- element
- emergent coastline
- entrenched channel
- eon
- ephemeral stream
- epicenter
- epoch
- equant
- era
- erg
- erosion
- esker
- estuary
- euhedral
- eukaryote
- eustatic
- evaporite
- evapotranspiration
- exfoliation
- experiment
- extinct
- extrusive
- facies
- failed rift arm
- fair weather wave base
- falsifiable
- fault
- fault scarp
- feldspar
- felsic
- fetch
- finger lake
- firn
- fissile
- fjord
- flash flood
- flood basalt
- floodplain
- flow regime
- flower structure
- fluvial
- flux melting
- focus
- fold
- foliation
- footwall
- forearc
- forearc basin
- foreshock
- foreshore
- formation
- fossil
- fossil fuel
- fossiliferous
- fracking
- fractionation
- fracture
- fracture zone
- frost wedging
- fumerole
- fusion
- gabbro
- gangue
- geopetal structure
- geosphere
- geothermal gradient
- Giant Impact Hypothesis
- glacial
- glacial budget
- glacial erratic
- glacial polish
- glacial striation
- glaciation
- glacier
- gneiss
- Goldich Dissolution Series
- graben
- grade
- gradient
- Grading
- grain size
- granite
- Great Basin Desert
- Great Oxygenation Event
- greenhouse effect
- greywacke
- groin
- ground moraine
- groundmass
- groundwater
- Groundwater mining
- gypsum
- gyre
- haboob
- Hadean
- Hadley Cell
- half graben
- half life
- halide
- halite
- hanging valley
- hanging wall
- hardness
- headwaters
- Holocene
- hopper crystal
- horn
- hornfels
- horst
- hot spot
- hummocky cross stratification
- humus
- hydraulic conductivity
- hydrogen bond
- hydrolysis
- hydrosphere
- hydrothermal
- hypothesis
- ice sheet
- igneous rock
- imbrication
- inclusion
- index fossil
- index mineral
- induced seismicity
- inductive reasoning
- infiltration
- inner core
- inselberg
- interglacial
- intermediate
- interplate
- interstadial
- intraplate
- intrusive
- ion
- island arc
- isostasy
- isostatic rebound
- isotope
- jetty
- Jurassic
- K-T Extinction
- karst
- kettle
- kettle lake
- kimberlite
- laccolith
- lacustrine
- lagerstätte
- lagoon
- lahar
- laminae
- landslide
- lapilli
- late heavy bombardment
- lateral moraine
- latitude
- Laurentia
- lava
- Lava dome
- layered intrusion
- limestone
- linear dune
- lineation
- liquefaction
- lithification
- lithosphere
- lithostratigraphic correlation
- littoral
- loess
- longitudinal profile
- longshore current
- longshore drift
- Love wave
- luster
- mafic
- magma
- magma chamber
- magmatic differentiation
- magnetic striping
- magnitude
- mainshock
- mantle
- mantle plume
- mantle wedge
- marble
- marine
- mass extinction
- mass spectrometer
- mass wasting
- massive
- meander scar
- meandering channel
- mechanical weathering
- medial moraine
- megathrust
- mesosphere
- Mesozoic
- metallic
- metamorphic
- metamorphic facies
- metamorphic rock
- meteorite
- mica
- micrite
- mid-ocean ridge
- migmatite
- Milankovitch Cycles
- mine
- mineral
- mineraloid
- Mississippi Valley-type
- mixed tide
- Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
- moho
- mold
- Moment magnitude
- monocline
- moraine
- mouth
- mud chip
- mudcrack
- mudstone
- mylonite
- native element minerals
- natural gas
- natural hazard
- natural levée
- natural resources
- neap tide
- nearshore
- nebula
- nebular hypothesis
- negative feedback
- non-foliated
- nonconformity
- nonmetallic
- nonpoint source
- nonrenewable
- normal fault
- normal force
- obduction
- objective
- obliquity
- observation
- obsidian
- oceanic-continental subduction
- oceanic crust
- oceanic-oceanic subduction
- octet rule
- offset
- offshore
- oil
- oil shale
- olivine
- ooid
- open pit mine
- ophiolite
- Ordovician
- ore
- ore mineral reserve
- ore mineral resource
- orogeny
- outer core
- outwash plain
- oversteepen
- oxbow
- oxidation
- oxide
- p wave
- pahoehoe
- Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
- paleocurrent
- Paleomagnetism
- Paleozoic
- paludal
- Pangea
- parabolic dune
- parasitic cone
- parent isotope
- partial melt
- parting lineation
- passive margin
- paternoster lake
- peer review
- pegmatite
- peridotite
- period
- permafrost
- permiability
- Permian
- Permian Mass Extinction
- permineralization
- petroleum
- petrology
- phaneritic
- Phanerozoic
- phase diagram
- phenocryst
- phosphate
- phyllite
- piercing point
- placer
- plane bed
- plate
- plate boundary
- Plate tectonics
- platform
- playa
- pluton
- pluvial lake
- point bar
- point source
- Polar Cell
- polar desert
- polarity
- polymorph
- polymorphism
- pore
- porosity
- porphyritic
- porphyry
- positive feedback
- potentiometric surface
- Precambrian
- precession
- precipitation
- Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships
- Principle of Faunal Succession
- Principle of Lateral Continuity
- Principle of Original Horizontality
- Principle of Superposition
- Principle of Uniformitarianism
- proglacial lake
- prokaryote
- Proterozoic
- protolith
- provenance
- proxy indicator
- Pseudoscience
- pumice
- pyroclastic
- pyroclastic flow
- pyroxene
- qualitative
- quantitative
- quartz
- quartzite
- Quaternary
- radial drainage
- radioactive
- rain shadow desert
- raindrop impression
- Rayleigh wave
- recessional moraine
- recharge
- recrystallization
- recurrence
- redox
- redshift
- reef
- refining
- reflection
- refraction
- regional metamorphism
- regolith
- regression
- relative dating
- remediation
- renewable
- reservoir
- resonance
- retangular drainage
- reverse fault
- rhizolith
- rhyolite
- Richter scale
- rift
- rip current
- ripple
- rock cycle
- rock fall
- Rodinia
- root wedging
- rotational slide
- rounding
- runoff
- s wave
- saltation
- sandstone
- saturation
- schist
- schistosity
- science denial
- scientific method
- seamount
- sediment-hosted copper
- sediment-hosted disseminated gold
- sedimentary basin
- sedimentary rock
- sediments
- seismic anomoly
- seismic gap
- seismic wave
- seismograph
- semidiurnal tide
- sequence stratigraphy
- serpentinite
- shale
- shear
- shear force
- shear strength
- sheetwash
- shield
- shield volcano
- shock metamorphism
- shoreface
- shoreline
- Siberian Trapps
- silicate
- silicon-oxygen tetrahedra
- sill
- siltstone
- Silurian
- sinistral
- skarn
- slab
- slate
- slaty cleavage
- slickenside
- sliding stone
- smelting
- Snowball Earth hypothesis
- snowline
- soft sediment deformation
- soil
- soil creep
- soil horizon
- soil profile
- solar system
- sole mark
- solid solution
- solution
- SONAR
- sorting
- source rock
- specific gravity
- spectroscopy
- spheroidal weathering
- spit
- spring
- spring tide
- stack
- star dune
- stoping
- storm wave base
- straight channel
- strain
- stratigraphic correlation
- stratigraphy
- stratovolcano
- streak
- stream
- stress
- strike
- strike slip
- strip mine
- stromatolite
- structural basin
- sturzstrom
- subduction
- subduction zone metamorphism
- subhedral
- subjective
- submarine canyon
- submarine fan
- submergent coastline
- subsidence
- subsoil
- substratum
- sulfate
- sulfide
- summer berm
- supercontinent
- superfund site
- supergene enrichment
- supernova
- surf zone
- surface mine
- surface wave
- suspended load
- syncline
- system
- tafoni
- talus
- tar sand
- Temperature
- tension
- tephra
- terminal moraine
- terrace
- terrane
- terrestrial
- texture
- thalweg
- theory
- thermohaline circulation
- thick-skinned
- thin-skinned
- thrust fault
- tidal day
- tidal flat
- tide
- till
- tillite
- tombolo
- tomography
- topsoil
- trace fossil
- trade wind desert
- trade winds
- transform
- transgression
- translational slide
- transpression
- transtension
- trap
- travertine
- trellis drainage
- trench
- Triassic
- tributary
- trigger
- triple junction
- truncated spur
- tsunami
- tufa
- tuff
- turbidite
- turbidity current
- ultramafic
- unconformity
- underground mine
- universal solvent
- vadose zone
- valley glacier
- varve
- vent
- ventifact
- vesicular
- viscosity
- volatiles
- volcanic arc
- volcano
- volcanogenic massive sulfide
- Wadati-Benioff zone
- water right
- water table
- wave base
- wave crest
- wave cut platform
- wave height
- wave notch
- wave period
- wave train
- wave trough
- wave velocity
- wavelength
- weather
- weathering
- westerlies
- Wilson Cycle
- winter berm
- xenolith
- yardang
- yazoo stream
- yield point
- zircon
- zone of accumulation
- zone of melting
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